ISG15-like

Contributors: Alba Herrero del Valle

Description

ISG15-like (Interferon-stimulated gene 15 - like) systems (also known as Bil systems for Bacterial ISG15-like systems) are a 4-gene defense system comprising a homolog of ubiquitin-like ISG15 (BilA), ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes E1 (BilD) and E2 (BilB), and a deubiquitinase (BilC) (N/A, N/A) . It has been shown to defend against multiple coliphages (N/A) . The Bil system is analogous to the ISG15 system in humans, which protects against viruses.

Molecular mechanism

Hör et al., have shown that the ISG15-like system defends bacteria against phages by impairing the infectivity of newly synthesized phages. It does so by preventing tail assembly that leads to non-infective tailless phages or by producing modified tails with an obstructed tail tip that are not capable of infecting. More specifically, BilA is conjugated to the central tail fiber (CTF) protein of the phage (N/A) .

Example of genomic structure

The ISG15-like is composed of 4 proteins: BilA, BilB, BilC and BilD.

Here is an example found in the RefSeq database:

The ISG15-like system in Caulobacter segnis (GCF_023935105.1, NZ_CP096040) is composed of 4 proteins BilA (WP_252632187.1) BilB (WP_252632188.1) BilC (WP_252632189.1) BilD (WP_252632190.1)

Distribution of the system among prokaryotes

Among the NaN complete genomes of RefSeq, the ISG15-like is detected in NaN genomes (NaN %). The system was detected in NaN different species.
phylum
Percent genome having the system
0
100
Minimum genomes count to display

Structure

Summary
Group
Structure
Foldseek
System
Gene name
Subtype
Proteins in structure
System genes
Prediction type
N genes in sys
pLDDT
iptm+ptm
pDockQ
No data available
Items per page:
10
0-0 of 0

Experimental validation

      
graph LR;
    Millman_2022[Millman et al., 2022] --> Origin_0
    Origin_0[Collimonas sp. OK412 
2609810443, 2609810442,
2609810441, 2609810440] --> Expressed_0[Escherichia coli]
    Expressed_0[Escherichia coli] ----> T2 & T4 & T6 & T5 & SECphi4 & SECphi6 & SECphi18 & SECphi27 & T7 & SECphi17
    Millman_2022[Millman et al., 2022] --> Origin_1
    Origin_1[Caulobacter sp. Root343 
2644236682, 2644236681,
2644236680, 2644236679] --> Expressed_1[Escherichia coli]
    Expressed_1[Escherichia coli] ----> T4 & T6 & T5 & SECphi4 & SECphi6 & SECphi18 & SECphi27 & T7 & SECphi17
    Millman_2022[Millman et al., 2022] --> Origin_2
    Origin_2[Cupriavidus sp. SHE 
2654619719, 2654619720,
2654619721, 2654619722] --> Expressed_2[Escherichia coli]
    Expressed_2[Escherichia coli] ----> T2 & T4 & T6 & T5 & SECphi4 & SECphi6 & SECphi18 & SECphi27
    Millman_2022[Millman et al., 2022] --> Origin_3
    Origin_3[Paraburkholderia caffeinilytica 
2843959492, 2843959493,
2843959494, 2843959495] --> Expressed_3[Escherichia coli]
    Expressed_3[Escherichia coli] ----> T6 & SECphi27
    Millman_2022[Millman et al., 2022] --> Origin_4
    Origin_4[Thiomonas sp. FB-6 
2523655165, 2523655166,
2523655167, 2523655168] --> Expressed_4[Escherichia coli]
    Expressed_4[Escherichia coli] ----> SECphi27
    subgraph Title1[Reference]
        Millman_2022
end
    subgraph Title2[System origin]
        Origin_0
        Origin_1
        Origin_2
        Origin_3
        Origin_4
end
    subgraph Title3[Expression species]
        Expressed_0
        Expressed_1
        Expressed_2
        Expressed_3
        Expressed_4
end
    subgraph Title4[Protects against]
        T2
        T4
        T6
        T5
        SECphi4
        SECphi6
        SECphi18
        SECphi27
        T7
        SECphi17
        T4
        T6
        T5
        SECphi4
        SECphi6
        SECphi18
        SECphi27
        T7
        SECphi17
        T2
        T4
        T6
        T5
        SECphi4
        SECphi6
        SECphi18
        SECphi27
        T6
        SECphi27
        SECphi27
end
    style Title1 fill:none,stroke:none,stroke-width:none
    style Title2 fill:none,stroke:none,stroke-width:none
    style Title3 fill:none,stroke:none,stroke-width:none
    style Title4 fill:none,stroke:none,stroke-width:none
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